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Lollipop catshark
The lollipop catshark, ''Cephalurus cephalus'', is a little-known species of deep sea catshark, belonging to the family Scyliorhinidae, and the only described member of its genus. A diminutive, bottom-dwelling shark of the outer continental shelf and upper continental slope, this species can be readily identified by its tadpole-like shape with a greatly expanded, rounded head and narrow body. The large head houses expanded gills, which are thought to be an adaptation for hypoxic conditions. This shark preys on crustaceans and fishes. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, with females retaining egg cases internally two at a time until they hatch. There is no fishery interest in this species, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lacks sufficient information to assess its conservation status.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The lollipop catshark was originally described by American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert as ''Catulus cephalus'', in the 1892 14th volume of ''Proceedings of the United States National Museum''. His description was based on a long adult male caught from a depth of off Clarion Island in the Revillagigedo Islands. In 1941, Henry F. Bigelow and William C. Schroeder created the new genus ''Cephalurus'' for this species. One or more yet-undescribed species of ''Cephalurus'' appear to exist off Panama, Peru, and Chile, which differ slightly from ''C. cephalus'' in appearance and size.〔
Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, ''Cephalurus'' is thought to form a clade with the genera ''Asymbolus'', ''Parmaturus'', ''Galeus'', and ''Apristurus''. However, different authors disagree on the interrelationships within this group; molecular data supports ''Cephalurus'' and ''Parmaturus'' as sister groups.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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